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As football clubs have become luxury investments, their
decisions increasingly mirror those of any other business
organisation. Football supporters have been encouraged to express
their club loyalty by thinking business - acting as consumers and
generating money deemed necessary for their clubs to compete at the
highest levels. In critical studies, supporters have been portrayed
as passive or reluctant consumers who, imprisoned by enduring club
loyalties, embody a fatalistic attitude to their own exploitation.
As this book aims to show, however, such expressions of loyalty are
far from hegemonic and often interface haphazardly with traditional
ideas about what constitutes the loyal fan . While there is little
doubt that professional football is experiencing commodification,
the reality is that football clubs are not simply businesses, nor
can they ever aspire to be organisations driven solely by expanding
or protecting economic value. Rather, clubs hover uncertainly
between being businesses and community assets."
Football Supporters and the Commercialisation of Football"
explores the implications of this uncertainty for understanding
supporter resistance to, and compromise with, commodification.
Every club and its supporters exist in their own unique national
and local contexts. In this respect, this book offers a Euro-wide
comparison of supporter reactions to commercialisation and provides
unique insight into how football supporters actively mediate
regional, local and national contexts, as they intersect with the
universalistic presumptions of commerce.
This book was previously published as a special issue of "Soccer
and Society."
As football clubs have become luxury investments, their decisions
increasingly mirror those of any other business organisation.
Football supporters have been encouraged to express their club
loyalty by 'thinking business' - acting as consumers and generating
money deemed necessary for their clubs to compete at the highest
levels. In critical studies, supporters have been portrayed as
passive or reluctant consumers who, imprisoned by enduring club
loyalties, embody a fatalistic attitude to their own exploitation.
As this book aims to show, however, such expressions of loyalty are
far from hegemonic and often interface haphazardly with traditional
ideas about what constitutes the 'loyal fan'. While there is little
doubt that professional football is experiencing commodification,
the reality is that football clubs are not simply businesses, nor
can they ever aspire to be organisations driven solely by expanding
or protecting economic value. Rather, clubs hover uncertainly
between being businesses and community assets. Football Supporters
and the Commercialisation of Football explores the implications of
this uncertainty for understanding supporter resistance to, and
compromise with, commodification. Every club and its supporters
exist in their own unique national and local contexts. In this
respect, this book offers a Euro-wide comparison of supporter
reactions to commercialisation and provides unique insight into how
football supporters actively mediate regional, local and national
contexts, as they intersect with the universalistic presumptions of
commerce. This book was previously published as a special issue of
Soccer and Society.
This book offers an original Marxist critique of the European
football business. It argues that the Marxist account of the
difference between profits and surplus value is crucial to an
understanding of the fluid and contradictory nature of the
commodification of football. Section one analyses the nature of
modern professional football and section two highlights attempts,
via government agency and football clubs, to corral fans into ever
greater identification with business logic aimed at breaking
traditional social relations. Section three draws on a number of
cases studies across Europe, to analyse how some fans are
attempting to mount a counter ideological response to the assault
of neo-liberalism on the game.
The intention of the book is to highlight the development of a type
of football organisation that falls outside of the well documented
elite professional game, the most recognizable face of the sport.
Specifically, the focus here will fall upon community based
football clubs which have grown out of the grassroots game. Well
known examples of these clubs in Britain are the Bristol
organisation, Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls, and the Leeds based
Republica Internationale - both of these clubs have forged links
with similarly motivated organisations in other countries who
regularly come together in tournaments to express solidarity.
Collectively, these clubs have sometimes been referred to as
forming a 'DIY culture' in football. Their defining characteristics
being variously described as anti-commercial, democratically
constituted, advocating social responsibility and inclusiveness,
and holding an outlook of solidarity that, in some cases, involves
political education. This book was originally published as a
special issue of Sport in Society.
Drawing on the varied traditions of fan cultures across Europe,
this book examines how football carries with it the possibility of
promoting the voices of the disenfranchised and the marginalised,
and so the basis for nurturing solidarity against exploitation
current in modern capitalist society.
European National football came together in the summer of 2012 for
the 14th occasion. This book sets out to examine the enduring
social tensions between supporters and authorities, as well as
those between local, national and European identities, which formed
the backdrop to the 14th staging of the European National football
tournament, Euro2012. The context of the tournament was somewhat
unique from those staged in previous years, being jointly hosted
for the first time by two post-Communist nations still in the
process of social and economic transition. In this respect, the
decision to stage Euro 2012 in Poland and Ukraine bore its own
material and symbolic legacies shaping the tournament: the
unsettling of neo-liberal imaginings and emergent 'East-West' fears
about poor infrastructure, inefficiencies and corruption jostled
with moral panics about racism and fears surrounding the
potentially unfulfilled consumerist expectations of west European
supporters. The book seeks to explore the ideologies and practices
invoked by competing national sentiments and examine the social
tensions, ambiguities and social capital generating potentials
surrounding national, ethnic, European identity, with respect to
national football teams, supporters and supporter movements. This
book was published as a special issue of Soccer and Society.
The intention of the book is to highlight the development of a type
of football organisation that falls outside of the well documented
elite professional game, the most recognizable face of the sport.
Specifically, the focus here will fall upon community based
football clubs which have grown out of the grassroots game. Well
known examples of these clubs in Britain are the Bristol
organisation, Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls, and the Leeds based
Republica Internationale - both of these clubs have forged links
with similarly motivated organisations in other countries who
regularly come together in tournaments to express solidarity.
Collectively, these clubs have sometimes been referred to as
forming a 'DIY culture' in football. Their defining characteristics
being variously described as anti-commercial, democratically
constituted, advocating social responsibility and inclusiveness,
and holding an outlook of solidarity that, in some cases, involves
political education. This book was originally published as a
special issue of Sport in Society.
European National football came together in the summer of 2012
for the 14th occasion. This book sets out to examine the enduring
social tensions between supporters and authorities, as well as
those between local, national and European identities, which formed
the backdrop to the 14th staging of the European National football
tournament, Euro2012. The context of the tournament was somewhat
unique from those staged in previous years, being jointly hosted
for the first time by two post-Communist nations still in the
process of social and economic transition. In this respect, the
decision to stage Euro 2012 in Poland and Ukraine bore its own
material and symbolic legacies shaping the tournament: the
unsettling of neo-liberal imaginings and emergent East-West fears
about poor infrastructure, inefficiencies and corruption jostled
with moral panics about racism and fears surrounding the
potentially unfulfilled consumerist expectations of west European
supporters.
The book seeks to explore the ideologies and practices invoked
by competing national sentiments and examine the social tensions,
ambiguities and social capital generating potentials surrounding
national, ethnic, European identity, with respect to national
football teams, supporters and supporter movements.
This book was published as a special issue of Soccer and
Society."
This book explores the tradition of left wing political thinking in
the culture of fans of professional football in Europe. It sets out
to chronicle and celebrate the fraternal, communal and radical
tradition of football - seen to best effect in demands for
democratic fan ownership and control of clubs, in fan campaigns
against racist and fascist mobilisation of football supporters, and
in a firm commitment to anti-corporatism. Drawing on the rich and
varied traditions of fan cultures across Europe, the book examines
how football, as a cultural form, carries with it the possibility
of promoting the voices of the disenfranchised and the
marginalised, and so the basis for nurturing solidarity against
oppression, alienation and exploitation current in modern
capitalist society. This book was published as a special issue of
Soccer and Society.
The bite of the tsetse fly - a burning sting into the skin - causes
a descent into violent fever and aching pains. Severe bouts of
insomnia are followed by mental deterioration, disruption of the
nervous system, coma and ultimately death. Sleeping sickness, also
known as Human African trypanosomiasis, is one of Africa's major
killers. It puts 60 million people at risk of infection, occurs in
36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and claims the lives of many
thousands of people every year. Transmitted by the tsetse fly,
trypanosomiasis affects both humans and cattle. The animal form of
the disease severely limits livestock production and farming, and
in people the toxic effects of the treatment for the brain disease
can be as painful and dangerous as the disease itself. Existing in
the shadow of malaria and AIDS, it is an overlooked disease,
ignored by pharmaceutical companies and largely neglected by the
western world. Peter Kennedy has devoted much of his working life
to researching sleeping sickness in Africa, and his
autobiographical account shares not only his trials and
experiences, evoking our empathy with the affected patients, but an
explanation of the disease, including its history and its future.
Interwoven with African geography, his compassionate story reveals
what it is like to be a young doctor falling in love with Africa,
and tells of his building of a vocation in the search for a cure
for this cruel disease.
This book offers an original Marxist critique of the European
football business. It argues that the Marxist account of the
difference between profits and surplus value is crucial to an
understanding of the fluid and contradictory nature of the
commodification of football. Section one analyses the nature of
modern professional football and section two highlights attempts,
via government agency and football clubs, to corral fans into ever
greater identification with business logic aimed at breaking
traditional social relations. Section three draws on a number of
cases studies across Europe, to analyse how some fans are
attempting to mount a counter ideological response to the assault
of neo-liberalism on the game.
Given the importance of injection molding as a process as well as
the simulation industry that supports it, there was a need for a
book that deals solely with the modeling and simulation of
injection molding. This book meets that need. The modeling and
simulation details of filling, packing, residual stress, shrinkage,
and warpage of amorphous, semi-crystalline, and fiber-filled
materials are described. This book is essential for simulation
software users, as well as for graduate students and researchers
who are interested in enhancing simulation. And for the specialist,
numerous appendices provide detailed information on the topics
discussed in the chapters.
This book presents a novel approach to the analysis and design of
all-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLLs), technology widely used in
wireless communication devices. The authors provide an overview of
ADPLL architectures, time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and noise
shaping. Realistic examples illustrate how to analyze and simulate
phase noise in the presence of sigma-delta modulation and
time-to-digital conversion. Readers will gain a deep understanding
of ADPLLs and the central role played by noise-shaping. A range of
ADPLL and TDC architectures are presented in unified manner.
Analytical and simulation tools are discussed in detail. Matlab
code is included that can be reused to design, simulate and analyze
the ADPLL architectures that are presented in the book.
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